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- Presented at the 12th Annual Meeting of
- International Police Executive Symposium
- Prague, The Czech Republic
- 4-9 September 2005
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- Summary
- Background and Trends
- Globalization and Changing Security Environment
- Transnational Organized Crime and Its Implications to Taiwan
- Non-Traditional Security Threats That Taiwan Faces
- Challenges for and Responses of Taiwan
- Conclusion
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- The paper is to discuss the security challenges for the 21st
century policing in the Republic of China (Taiwan) in the contexts of
globalization and contemporary transnational security environment in
general and the cross-Strait relations with the People’s Repub=
lic
of China (China) in particular.
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- The author tries to elaborate that Taiwan is no exception in that it=
is
also facing a variety of non-traditional security challenges arising
from various types of transnational organized crime, including
trafficking in persons and illicit goods, narcotics and arms
trafficking, kidnapping, frauds, money-laundering and other violent
crimes. An effective strategy to manage these challenges and secure
homeland security of Taiwan requires better coordination and
collaboration among major elements of the law enforcement and securi=
ty
intelligence community and police cooperation with regional countrie=
s.
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- 1. Impacts of the advance in technological progress, the end of Cold
War, and the process of globalization;
- 2. From national security to comprehensive security to human securit=
y,
and to non-traditional security;
- 3. Transnational organized crime as one of six security threats
identified by UN High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Changes=
in
December 2004;
- 4. Organized crime as one of Canada’s security threats pointed=
out
in National Security Policy Report 2004
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- 1. The concept of globalization and its implications can be categori=
zed
as multidimensional phenomenon, scientific & technologic inventi=
on,
global village, connectedness and interdependent, a web of trans-bor=
der
networks, sovereignty at bay, unevenly experienced, and rise of
transnational criminal activities;
- 2. Taiwan is experiencing more and greater impacts from the process =
of
globalization and growing cross-Taiwan Strait interactions;
- 3. The mandates of the police, security and intelligence agencies ha=
ve
been adjusting to the challenges of changing security environment
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- 1. no common definition on transnational (organized) crime
- 2. five components of transnational crime: perpetrators, produc=
ts,
people, proceeds, and digital signals
- 3. 18 major categories of transnational crime: money laundering, ill=
icit
drug trafficking, corruption and bribery of public officials,
infiltration of legal business, fraudulent bankruptcy, insurance fra=
ud,
computer crime, theft or infringement of intellectual property, illi=
cit
traffic in arms, terrorist activities, aircraft hijacking, sea pirac=
y,
hijacking on land, trafficking in persons, trade in human body parts,
theft of art and cultural objects, environmental crime, and other
offences committed by organized criminal groups
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- 4. The threats of
transnational crime:
- a. undermine civil society, political systems and the sovereig=
nty
of states;
- b. dangerously distort market mechanisms, including some
government regulatory activity, depriving consumers and producers of
the benefits of fair, free, safe and secure economic and commercial
systems;
- c. degrade environmental systems through evasion of environmental
safeguards and regulations;
- d. destabilize strategically important nations and hinder the
progress of the so-called economies in transition and developing
economies and otherwise interfere with a nation’s foreign pol=
icy
goals and the international system; e. burden societies with t=
he
enormous social and economic costs of illegal drugs.
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- 5. Among other estimates, the cost of transnational criminal activit=
ies
in developed countries is about 2% of annual GNP
- 6. As Peter Lupsha indicated, the long term threats to civil society
from organized crime, especially transnational one, can be categoriz=
ed
as follows: political and economic destabilization, injustice, unfair
competition, corruption, institutional delegitimization, monopoly
pricing and organized crime extortion, unfair treatment, violence,
intimidation, fear, oppression, and tyranny.
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- 1. The nature and reality of non-traditional security threats t=
hat
Taiwan faces
- 2. People smuggling or migrant smuggling
- 3. Narcotics trafficking
- 4. Small arms and light weaponry smuggling
- 5. Contraband smuggling
- 6. Human trafficking
- 7. Armed robbery at sea or piracy
- 8. Cross-Strait criminal or illicit activities
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- 1. Non-traditional security threats posing national security implica=
tion
- 2. Establishing and strengthening Taiwan Coast Guard
- 3. Facilitating and organizing interagency coordination and cooperat=
ion
- 4. Promoting and formalizing regional police cooperation
- 5. Planning for reorganization of the Ministry of Interior and Homel=
and
Security
- 6. Upgrading the issue to National Security Policy agenda
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- 1. Changing world and its security implications
- 2. Changing concept of national security
- 3. Changing mandate and role for the police, security and intelligen=
ce
forces
- 4. Future challenges for the world and Taiwan
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